Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Mbouda, Cameroon: A Study of Four Secondary Schools
Djam Chefor Alain *
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Global Health Innovation and Research Initiative (GHIRI), Cameroon.
Earnest Njih Tabah
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.
Noumedem Kenfack Jaures Arnaud
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Tejiodonkeng Kengmo Carolle
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Stessye Nouaton Tankou Nylor
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Tenonfo Tesse Franky Maxwell
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Signing Teddy Martial
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Lele Deffo Carole
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Bong Wobenso Jessica Grace
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Guthe Kamdem Brice
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Ngue Vinyle Ines Aude
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Momo Anoumbo Urbain Ulrich
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Njih Beri Nkini
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Nouni Noula Armand J.
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Douandji Sokeng M
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Nguetse Zambou Lintia Samira
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Manfouo Tandah I.T.
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Dountio Piatat Xena
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Ngneche Kakeu Pascaline Laure
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Mbotuiah Mbolueh Henry
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Korin Neh Nforbi
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Prowo Dongmo Styve U
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Germaine Ndah Alombah
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Kenhale Zebaze Lunelle
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Ifang Solomon Ndifon
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Gabriel Tchatchouang Mabou
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
Ariane Ange Ghomsi Tadie
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) encompasses diverse areas such as contraception, sexuality education, maternal health, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, and sexual violence. Adolescence, defined as the age group of 10 to 19 years, represents a critical period in which risky behaviors increase morbidity and mortality. Adolescent girls, in particular, face a much higher risk of maternal complications compared to women aged 20 to 24.
Objective: To identify the factors influencing the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in secondary schools in the city of Mbouda.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted among 1,087 adolescents from four secondary schools in the city of Mbouda using a structured questionnaire. The statistical tests applied included the chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression. Data were analyzed using R software, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: A total of 1087 adolescents, 66.7% demonstrated insufficient knowledge of SRH, and only 25.9% had ever visited a health center for sexual health concerns. The primary barrier to accessing SRH services was financial constraints (26.2%). Factors significantly associated with engaging in sexual activity included male gender (OR = 3.72; p < 0.001), living with extended family members (OR = 1.99; p < 0.001) or alone (OR = 4.09; p = 0.006), and discussing sexuality with parents (OR = 1.62; p = 0.003). Factors influencing contraceptive use included male gender (OR = 2.04; p = 0.015) and a history of abortion (OR = 4.79; p = 0.040).
Conclusion: Significant gaps remain in adolescent SRH knowledge and access to services. Strengthening multisectoral and participatory strategies is essential to ensure sustainable improvements in this field.
Keywords: Sexual and reproductive health, determinants, adolescents, Mbouda